thePeerage.com - Rulers of the German States

ÿþ <A NAME = "Brunswick-Luneburg">The House of Brunswick-Lüneburg2</A> <A>House of Welf - Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg</A>   <A HREF = "p11363.htm#i113626">Otto I, the Child</A> (1235-1252)&nbsp <A>House of Welf</A>   <A HREF = "p778.htm#i7773">John</A> (1252-1277)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p778.htm#i7771">Otto II, the Severe</A> (1277-1330)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p778.htm#i7772">Otto III</A> (1330-1352)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p773.htm#i7723">William</A> (1330-1369)&nbsp <A>Old Line of Brunswick</A>   <A HREF = "p536.htm#i5355">Albert I, the Great</A> (1252-1279)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11399.htm#i113986">Henry the Singular</A> (1279-1286)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p781.htm#i7807">William</A> (1279-1292)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p535.htm#i5342">Albert II, the Fat</A> (1279-1318)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p535.htm#i5344">Otto the Mild</A> (1318-1344)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p535.htm#i5345">Ernest</A> (1344-1345)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p473.htm#i4727">Magnus I, the Pious</A> (1344-1369)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p474.htm#i4732">Magnus II, the Younger</A> (1369-1373)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11388.htm#i113878">Frederick</A> (1373-1400)&nbsp <A>Middle Line of Lüneburg</A>   <A HREF = "p732.htm#i7319">Henry I</A> (1388-1416)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p768.htm#i7676">William I, the Victorious</A> (1416-1428)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p537.htm#i5361">Bernard I</A> (1428-1434)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p756.htm#i7559">Frederick the Pious</A> (1434-1441)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p585.htm#i5847">Otto I, the Lame</A> (1434-1446)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p756.htm#i7559">Frederick the Pious</A> (1446-1458)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p757.htm#i7561">Bernard II</A> (1458-1464)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p757.htm#i7567">Otto II</A> (1464-1471)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p738.htm#i7379">Henry II, the Middle</A> (1471-1522)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p758.htm#i7574">Otto III</A> (1522-1527)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10674.htm#i106732">Ernest I, the Confessor</A> (1522-1546)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p760.htm#i7591">Francis</A> (1536-1539)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11140.htm#i111395">Francis Otto</A> (1546-1559)&nbsp <A>Middle Line of Brunswick</A>   <A HREF = "p537.htm#i5361">Bernard I</A> (1388-1428)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p768.htm#i7676">William I, the Victorious</A> (1428-1482)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p770.htm#i7697">Henry the Pacific</A> (1432-1473)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p769.htm#i7690">Frederick</A> (1482-1484)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p768.htm#i7671">William II, the Younger</A> (1482-1495)&nbsp <A>Line of Calenberg</A>   <A HREF = "p1137.htm#i111369">Erik I, the Elder</A> (1495-1540)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p768.htm#i7679">Erik II, the Younger</A> (1540-1584)&nbsp <A>Line of Wolfenbüttel</A>   <A HREF = "p321.htm#i3207">Henry I, the Elder</A> (1495-1514)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11138.htm#i111377">Henry II, the Younger</A> (1514-1568)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11140.htm#i111398">Julius</A> (1568-1589)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11143.htm#i111430">Henry Julius</A> (1589-1613)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11142.htm#i111414">Frederick Ulrich</A> (1613-1634)&nbsp <A>New Line of Lüneburg</A>   <A HREF = "p10674.htm#i106731">William the Younger</A> (1559-1592)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p215.htm#i2150">Ernest II</A> (1592-1611)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p216.htm#i2151">Christian</A> (1611-1633)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p216.htm#i2152">Augustus the Elder</A> (1633-1636)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10844.htm#i108439">George</A> (1636-1641)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p216.htm#i2153">Frederick</A> (1636-1648)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p214.htm#i2136">Christian Louis</A> (1641-1665)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10279.htm#i102782">George William</A> (1648-1705)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11209.htm#i112082">John Frederick</A> (1665-1679)&nbsp <A>Electors of Hanover</A>   <A HREF = "p10141.htm#i101403">Ernest Augustus</A> (1679-1698)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10099.htm#i100988">George Louis</A> (1698-1727)&nbsp   Union with England (1727-1837) <A>Kings of Hanover</A>   <A HREF = "p10086.htm#i100859">Ernest Augustus</A> (1837-1851)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10090.htm#i100896">George V</A> (1851-1866)&nbsp   Union with Prussia in 1866 <A>New Line of Brunswick - Dukes of Brunswick</A>   <A HREF = "p10674.htm#i106733">Henry</A> (1559-1598)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p299.htm#i2982">Julius Ernest</A> (1598-1636)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10674.htm#i106734">Augustus the Younger</A> (1636-1666)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p218.htm#i2179">Rudolf Augustus</A> (1666-1704)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11212.htm#i112118">Anthony Ulrich</A> (1704-1714)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p219.htm#i2188">Augustus William</A> (1714-1731)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11209.htm#i112084">Louis Rudolf</A> (1731-1735)&nbsp <A>Line of Bevern</A>   <A HREF = "p10934.htm#i109331">Ferdinand Albert</A> (1735)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10846.htm#i108452">Charles I</A> (1735-1780)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10674.htm#i106736">Charles William Ferdinand</A> (1780-1806)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10847.htm#i108469">Frederick William</A> (1806-1815)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10127.htm#i101268">Charles II</A> (1815-1830)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10127.htm#i101269">William</A> (1830-1884)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p1.htm#i1">Albert of Prussia</A> (1885-1906)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11081.htm#i110807">John Albert of Mecklenburg-Schwerin</A> (1907-1913)&nbsp <A>Line of Hanover</A>   <A HREF = "p10120.htm#i101197">Ernest Augustus</A> (1913-1918)&nbsp   Proclamation of a Republic in 1918 <A NAME = "Hesse">The House of Hesse2</A> <A>Landgraves of Hesse</A>   <A HREF = "p773.htm#i7728">Henry I, the Child</A> (1264-1308)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4185.htm#i41841">Henry the Younger</A> (1284-1298, co-regent)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p776.htm#i7753">John</A> (1308-1311)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p1660.htm#i16591">Otto</A> (1308-1328)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p536.htm#i5352">Henry II, the Iron</A> (1328-1376)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4073.htm#i40726">Herman the Learned</A> (1376-1413)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p343.htm#i3421">Louis II, the Peaceful</A> (1413-1458)&nbsp <A>Old Line of Upper Hesse</A>   <A HREF = "p342.htm#i3419">Henry III, the Rich</A> (1458-1483)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15102.htm#i151011">William III, the Younger</A> (1483-1500)&nbsp <A>Old Line of Lower Hesse</A>   <A HREF = "p1660.htm#i16594">Louis III, the Frank</A> (1458-1471)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p769.htm#i7688">William I, the Elder</A> (1471-1493)&nbsp <A>Landgraves of Hesse</A>   <A HREF = "p657.htm#i6568">William II, the Middle</A> (1493-1509)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10904.htm#i109037">Philip the Magnanimous</A> (1509-1567)&nbsp <A>Line of Cassel</A>   <A HREF = "p10904.htm#i109036">William IV, the Wise</A> (1567-1592)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10904.htm#i109035">Maurice the Learned</A> (1592-1627)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10277.htm#i102762">William V, the Constant</A> (1627-1637)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10864.htm#i108639">William VI, the Just</A> (1637-1663)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15102.htm#i151012">William VII</A> (1663-1670)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10904.htm#i109032">Charles</A> (1670-1730)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10182.htm#i101818">Frederick I</A> (1730-1751)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10887.htm#i108863">William VIII</A> (1751-1760)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10225.htm#i102246">Frederick II</A> (1760-1785)&nbsp <A>Electors of Hesse</A>   <A HREF = "p10350.htm#i103492">William IX (I)</A> (1785-1821)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10586.htm#i105851">William II</A> (1821-1847)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10888.htm#i108874">Frederick William I</A> (1847-1866)&nbsp <A>Line of Darmstadt</A>   <A HREF = "p10931.htm#i109304">George I, the Pious</A> (1567-1596)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10931.htm#i109310">Louis V, the Faithful</A> (1596-1626)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11212.htm#i112113">George II</A> (1626-1661)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10931.htm#i109308">Louis VI</A> (1661-1678)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15102.htm#i151013">Louis VII</A> (1678)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10931.htm#i109307">Ernest Louis</A> (1678-1739)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10931.htm#i109306">Louis VIII</A> (1739-1768)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10090.htm#i100893">Louis IX</A> (1768-1790)&nbsp <A>Grand Dukes of Hesse</A>   <A HREF = "p10355.htm#i103550">Louis X (I)</A> (1790-1830)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10100.htm#i100996">Louis II</A> (1830-1848)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10114.htm#i101138">Louis III</A> (1848-1877)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10067.htm#i100669">Louis IV</A> (1877-1892)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10073.htm#i100730">Ernest Louis</A> (1892-1918)&nbsp   Proclamation of a Republic in 1918 <A NAME = "Hohenzollern">The House of Hohenzollern3</A> <A>Electors of Brandenburg</A>   <A HREF = "p10880.htm#i108796">Frederick I</A> (1415-1440)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4069.htm#i40690">Frederick the Fat</A> (1440-1463)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p324.htm#i3236">Frederick II, the Iron Margrave</A> (1440-1470)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10880.htm#i108795">Albert Achilles</A> (1470-1486)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10880.htm#i108794">John Cicero</A> (1486-1499)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10875.htm#i108741">Joachim I, Nestor</A> (1499-1535)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11138.htm#i111375">John</A> (1535-1571)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10234.htm#i102336">Joachim II, Hector</A> (1535-1571)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10293.htm#i102927">John George</A> (1571-1598)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10292.htm#i102914">Joachim Frederick</A> (1598-1608)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10292.htm#i102918">John Sigismund</A> (1608-1620)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10864.htm#i108638">George William</A> (1620-1640)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10564.htm#i105639">Frederick William</A> (1640-1688)&nbsp <A>Kings of Prussia</A>   <A HREF = "p10142.htm#i101417">Frederick III (I)</A> (1688-1713)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10141.htm#i101406">Frederick William I</A> (1713-1740)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10181.htm#i101805">Frederick II, the Great</A> (1740-1786)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10120.htm#i101198">Frederick William II</A> (1786-1797)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10081.htm#i100809">Frederick William III</A> (1797-1840)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10106.htm#i101058">Frederick William IV</A> (1840-1861)&nbsp <A>German Emperors</A>   <A HREF = "p10106.htm#i101059">William I</A> (1861-1888)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10067.htm#i100667">Frederick III</A> (1888)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10067.htm#i100668">William II</A> (1888-1918)&nbsp   Proclamation of a Republic in 1918 <A>Dukes of Prussia</A>   <A HREF = "p11293.htm#i112930">Albert</A> (1525-1568)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10402.htm#i104017">Albert Frederick</A> (1568-1618)&nbsp   Union with Brandenburg <A NAME = "Liectenstein">House of Liectenstein6</A> <A>Margraves of Baden</A>   <A HREF = "p11512.htm#i115112">John Adam I</A> (1699-1712)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11510.htm#i115099">Joseph Wenceslas</A> (1712-1718)&nbsp <A>Margraves of Baden</A>   <A HREF = "p11512.htm#i115113">Anthony Florian</A> (1718-1721)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11512.htm#i115120">Joseph John</A> (1721-1732)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11512.htm#i115119">John Charles</A> (1732-1748)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11510.htm#i115099">Joseph Wenceslas</A> (1748-1772)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11508.htm#i115072">Francis Joseph I</A> (1772-1781)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11508.htm#i115076">Aloysius I</A> (1781-1805)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11506.htm#i115056">John I</A> (1805-1836)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11421.htm#i114208">Aloysius II</A> (1836-1858)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11506.htm#i115053">John II, the Good</A> (1858-1929)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11505.htm#i115046">Francis I</A> (1929-1938)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10130.htm#i101294">Francis Joseph II</A> (1928-1989)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11518.htm#i115175">John Adam II</A> (1989- , regent 1984-1989)&nbsp <A NAME = "Wettin">The House of Wettin4</A> <A>Electors of Saxony</A>   <A HREF = "p343.htm#i3423">Frederick I, the Warlike</A> (1423-1428)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11391.htm#i113907">Frederick the Gentle</A> (1428-1464)&nbsp <A>Ernestine Line - Electors of Saxony</A>   <A HREF = "p11291.htm#i112909">Ernest</A> (1464-1486)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p733.htm#i7322">Frederick III, the Wise</A> (1486-1525)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p733.htm#i7323">John the Constant</A> (1525-1532)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p728.htm#i7278">John Frederick the magnanimous</A> (1532-1547)&nbsp <A>Albertine Line - Electors of Saxony</A>   <A HREF = "p5.htm#i50">Albert the Bold</A> (1464-1500)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11139.htm#i111388">George the Bearded</A> (1500-1539)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p656.htm#i6555">Henry the Pious</A> (1539-1541)&nbsp <A>Electors of Saxony</A>   <A HREF = "p659.htm#i6585">Maurice</A> (1541-1553)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11295.htm#i112948">Augustus</A> (1553-1586)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11139.htm#i111384">Christian I</A> (1586-1591)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11295.htm#i112949">Christian II</A> (1591-1611)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11158.htm#i111573">John George I</A> (1611-1656)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11158.htm#i111571">John George II</A> (1656-1680)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10180.htm#i101799">John George III</A> (1680-1691)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11151.htm#i111510">John George IV</A> (1691-1694)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11152.htm#i111511">Frederick Augustus I, the Strong</A> (1694-1733)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11152.htm#i111514">Frederick Augustus II</A> (1733-1763)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11152.htm#i111517">Frederick Christian</A> (1763)&nbsp <A>Kings of Saxony</A>   <A HREF = "p11154.htm#i111534">Frederick Augustus III (I)</A> (1763-1827)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11154.htm#i111538">Anthony</A> (1827-1836)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11156.htm#i111552">Frederick Augustus II</A> (1836-1854)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11105.htm#i111050">John</A> (1854-1873)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11043.htm#i110425">Albert</A> (1873-1902)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11108.htm#i111078">George</A> (1902-1904)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10876.htm#i108760">Frederick Augustus III </A> (1904-1918)&nbsp   Proclamation of a Republic in 1918 <A NAME = "Bavaria">Wittelsbachs of Bavaria5</A> <A>Dukes of Bavaria</A>   <A HREF = "p15167.htm#i151666">Otto I</A> (1180-1183)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11395.htm#i113943">Louis I, the Kelheimer</A> (1183-1231)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11429.htm#i114281">Otto II, the Noble</A> (1231-1253)&nbsp <A>Line of Lower Bavaria</A>   <A HREF = "p11415.htm#i114146">Henry XIII</A> (1253-1290)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4182.htm#i41813">Louis III</A> (1290-1296)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11386.htm#i113856">Stephen I</A> (1296-1309)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11415.htm#i114147">Otto III</A> (1290-1312)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15167.htm#i151667">Otto IV</A> (1309-1334)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15167.htm#i151668">Henry XIV, the Elder</A> (1309-1339)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10310.htm#i103098">Henry XIII</A> (921-929)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15167.htm#i151669">Henry XV, the Natternberger</A> (1312-1333)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15167.htm#i151670">John I, the Child</A> (1339-1340)&nbsp <A>Line of Upper Bavaria</A>   <A HREF = "p11384.htm#i113838">Louis II, the Severe</A> (1253-1294)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p2.htm#i14">Rudolf I</A> (1294-1317)&nbsp <A>Dukes of Bavaria</A>   <A HREF = "p8711.htm#i87105">Louis IV, the Bavarian</A> (1294-1347)&nbsp <A>Line of Upper Bavaria</A>   <A HREF = "p11469.htm#i114682">Louis VI, the Roman</A> (1347-1351)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15168.htm#i151671">Otto V</A> (1347-1351)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11290.htm#i112894">Louis V, the Brandenburger</A> (1347-1361)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11387.htm#i113866">Meinhard</A> (1361-1363)&nbsp <A>Line of Lower Bavaria-Straubing</A>   <A HREF = "p203.htm#i2024">William I</A> (1347-1358)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11380.htm#i113792">Albert I</A> (1347-1404)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15168.htm#i151672">Albert II</A> (1387-1397)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11401.htm#i114005">John III</A> (1404-1425)&nbsp <A>Line of Lower Bavaria-Landshut</A>   <A HREF = "p10748.htm#i107480">Stephen II</A> (1347-1375)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p345.htm#i3441">Frederick</A> (1375-1393)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11390.htm#i113893">Henry XVI, the Rich</A> (1393-1450)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p738.htm#i7371">Louis IX, the Rich</A> (1450-1479)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15168.htm#i151675">George, the Rich</A> (1479-1503)&nbsp <A>Line of Lower Bavaria-Ingolstadt</A>   <A HREF = "p347.htm#i3465">Stephen III, the Magnificent</A> (1375-1413)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15168.htm#i151676">Louis VII, the Beaded</A> (1413-1443)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4070.htm#i40697">Louis VIII, the Younger</A> (1443-1445)&nbsp <A>Line of Lower Bavaria-Munich</A>   <A HREF = "p11400.htm#i113999">John II</A> (1375-1397)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15168.htm#i151677">William III</A> (1397-1435)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15168.htm#i151678">Ernest</A> (1397-1438)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p3921.htm#i39203">Albert III, the Pious</A> (1438-1460)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15168.htm#i151680">John IV</A> (1460-1463)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15169.htm#i151681">Sigismund</A> (1460-1467)&nbsp <A>Dukes of Bavaria</A>   <A HREF = "p11391.htm#i113909">Albert IV, the Wise</A> (1465-1508)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11392.htm#i113912">William IV</A> (1508-1550)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15169.htm#i151682">Louis X</A> (1516-1545)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11203.htm#i112027">Albert V</A> (1550-1579)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11205.htm#i112048">William V, the Pious</A> (1579-1597)&nbsp <A>Electors of Bavaria</A>   <A HREF = "p11206.htm#i112060">Maximilian I</A> (1597-1651)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10586.htm#i105852">Ferdinand Maria</A> (1651-1679)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10307.htm#i103068">Maximilian II Emanuel</A> (1679-1726)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10586.htm#i105854">Charles Albert</A> (1726-1745)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11152.htm#i111520">Maximilian III Joseph</A> (1745-1777)&nbsp <A>Line of Sulzbach</A>   <A HREF = "p11423.htm#i114224">Charles Theodore</A> (1777-1799)&nbsp <A>Line of Zweibrücken - Kings of Bavaria</A>   <A HREF = "p10129.htm#i101282">Maximilian IV (I) Joseph</A> (1799-1825)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10179.htm#i101781">Louis I</A> (1825-1848)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10179.htm#i101786">Maximilian II</A> (1848-1864)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10179.htm#i101788">Louis II</A> (1864-1886)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10180.htm#i101793">Luitpold</A> (regent: 1886-1912)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10179.htm#i101789">Otto</A> (1886-1913)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10134.htm#i101333">Louis III</A> (1913-1918)&nbsp   Proclamation of the Republic in 1918 <A NAME = "Palatinate">Wittelsbachs of the Palatinate6</A> <A>Electors of the Palatinate</A>   <A HREF = "p15171.htm#i151701">Rudolf II</A> (1329-1353)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4309.htm#i43083">Rupert I</A> (1353-1390)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p354.htm#i3536">Rupert II</A> (1390-1398)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10586.htm#i105855">Rupert III</A> (1398-1410)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10225.htm#i102241">Louis III</A> (1410-1436)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10586.htm#i105857">Louis IV, the Gentle</A> (1436-1449)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10586.htm#i105858">Frederick I, the Victorious</A> (1452-1476, regent: 1449-1452)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15171.htm#i151702">Philip the Upright</A> (1476-1508)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15171.htm#i151703">Louis V</A> (1508-1544)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p635.htm#i6341">Frederick II</A> (1544-1556)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15171.htm#i151705">Otto Henry</A> (1556-1559)&nbsp <A>Line of Simmern</A>   <A HREF = "p729.htm#i7282">Frederick III, the Pious</A> (1559-1576)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p307.htm#i3070">Louis VI</A> (1576-1583)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10673.htm#i106730">Frederick IV</A> (1583-1610)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10138.htm#i101380">Frederick V, the Winter King</A> (1610-1623)&nbsp   Electorate awarded to Bavaria (1623-1648)   <A HREF = "p11375.htm#i113745">Charles I Louis</A> (1648-1680)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10306.htm#i103055">Charles II</A> (1680-1685)&nbsp <A>Line of Neuberg</A>   <A HREF = "p11208.htm#i112072">Philip William</A> (1685-1690)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11208.htm#i112078">John William</A> (1690-1716)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15171.htm#i151706">Charles III Philip</A> (1716-1742)&nbsp <A>Line of Sulzbach</A>   <A HREF = "p15189.htm#i151890">Charles IV Theodore</A> (1742-1799)&nbsp   Unified with Bavaria in 1777 <A NAME = "Wurttemberg">House of Württemberg6</A> <A>Counts of Württemberg</A>   <A HREF = "p4181.htm#i41808">Ulrich I, the Founder</A> (1241-1265)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4181.htm#i41809">Ulrich II</A> (1265-1279)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151891">Eberhard I, the Noble</A> (1279-1325)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151892">Ulrich III</A> (1325-1344)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151893">Ulrich IV</A> (1344-1362)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p355.htm#i3548">Eberhard II, the Quarrelsome</A> (1344-1362)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151895">Eberhard III, the Mild</A> (1392-1417)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151896">Eberhard IV, the Younger</A> (1417-1419)&nbsp <A>Line of Stuttgart</A>   <A HREF = "p4303.htm#i43022">Ulrich V, the Beloved</A> (1419-1480)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4068.htm#i40677">Eberhard VI, the Younger</A> (1480-1482)&nbsp <A>Line of Urach</A>   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151898">Louis I, the Elder</A> (1419-1450)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151899">Louis II, the Younger</A> (1450-1457)&nbsp <A>Dukes of Württemberg</A>   <A HREF = "p343.htm#i3426">Eberhard V (I), the Bearded</A> (1457-1496)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4068.htm#i40677">Eberhard II, the Younger</A> (1496-1498)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151900">Ulrich</A> (1498-1550)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p576.htm#i5757">Christopher</A> (1550-1568)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p1698.htm#i16979">Louis</A> (1568-1593)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11143.htm#i111421">Frederick I of Mömpelgard</A> (1593-1608)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11143.htm#i111427">John Frederick</A> (1608-1628)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15191.htm#i151903">Eberhard III</A> (1628-1674)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151897">William Louis</A> (1674-1677)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15191.htm#i151904">Eberhard Louis</A> (1677-1733)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11053.htm#i110530">Charles Alexander</A> (1733-1737)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10333.htm#i103328">Charles Eugene</A> (1737-1793)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11054.htm#i110534">Louis Eugene</A> (1793-1795)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11044.htm#i110431">Frederick Eugene</A> (1795-1797)&nbsp <A>Kings of Württemberg</A>   <A HREF = "p10090.htm#i100894">Frederick II (I)</A> (1797-1816)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10172.htm#i101714">William I</A> (1816-1864)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10173.htm#i101724">Charles</A> (1864-1891)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10174.htm#i101734">William II</A> (1891-1918)&nbsp   Proclamation of the Republic in 1918 <A NAME = "Zahringen">House of Zähringen6</A> <A>Margraves of Baden</A>   <A HREF = "p4181.htm#i151919">Herman I</A> (1064-1073)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4181.htm#i151918">Herman II</A> (1073-1130)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151917">Herman III</A> (1130-1160)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151916">Herman IV</A> (1160-1190)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i7943">Herman V</A> (1190-1243)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p355.htm#i41784">Herman VI</A> (1243-1250)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i41787">Rudolf I</A> (1243-1288)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i41786">Frederick I</A> (1250-1268)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4181.htm#i41792">Herman VII</A> (1288-1291)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4181.htm#i41794">Rudolf II</A> (11288-1295)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i41796">Hesso</A> (1288-1297)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i41798">Rudolf III</A> (1288-1332)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151921">Frederick II</A> (1291-1333)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p355.htm#i151922">Rudolf IV</A> (1291-1348)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151923">Rudolf Hesso</A> (1297-1335)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151924">Herman VIII</A> (1333-1353)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4181.htm#i151925">Frederick III, the Pacific</A> (1348-1353)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4181.htm#i151926">Rudolf V</A> (1348-1361)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151927">Rudolf VI</A> (1353-1372)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151928">Rudolf VII</A> (1372-1391)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i41529">Bernard I</A> (1372-1431)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p355.htm#i151929">James I</A> (1431-1453)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151930">George</A> (1453-1454)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151931">Bernard II</A> (1453-1458)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p355.htm#i113903">Charles I</A> (1453-1475)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151932">Christopher I</A> (1475-1515)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i113914">Philip I</A> (1515-1533)&nbsp <A>Line of Baden</A>   <A HREF = "p4303.htm#i151933">Bernard III</A> (1515-1536)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4068.htm#i113133">Christopher II</A> (1536-1556)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151934">Philibert</A> (1536-1569)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151935">Philip II</A> (1569-1588)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4303.htm#i151936">Edward Fortunatus</A> (1588-1594)&nbsp   United with Baden-Duralch (1594-1622)   <A HREF = "p4068.htm#i151937">William</A> (1622-1677)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i113746">Louis William</A> (1677-1707)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151939">Louis George</A> (1707-1761)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i151940">Augustus George</A> (1761-1771)&nbsp <A>Line of Durlach</A>   <A HREF = "p343.htm#i40665">Ernest</A> (1515-1552)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p4068.htm#i151941">Bernard IV</A> (1552-1553)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i40607">Charles II</A> (1552-1577)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p576.htm#i151942">James III</A> (1577-1590)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p1698.htm#i151943">Ernest Frederick</A> (1577-1604)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11143.htm#i8255">George Frederick</A> (1577-1622)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11143.htm#i151944">Ernest James</A> (1590-1591)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15191.htm#i151945">Frederick V</A> (1622-1659)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15190.htm#i113159">Frederick VI</A> (1659-1677)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p15191.htm#i113160">Frederick Magnus</A> (1677-1709)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11053.htm#i742">Charles William</A> (1709-1738)&nbsp <A>Grand Dukes of Baden</A>   <A HREF = "p10333.htm#i101266">Charles Frederick</A> (1738-1811)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11054.htm#i101270">Charles</A> (1811-1818)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p11044.htm#i105810">Louis I</A> (1818-1830)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10090.htm#i105813">Leopold</A> (1830-1852)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10172.htm#i51127">Louis II</A> (1852-1856)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10173.htm#i101076">Frederick I</A> (1856-1907)&nbsp   <A HREF = "p10174.htm#i101734">Frederick II</A> (1907-1918)&nbsp   Proclamation of the Republic in 1918 <OL CLASS=citl> <LI CLASS=citi><A HREF="s1.htm#38">[S38]</A> John Morby, Dynasties of the World (Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1989), page 122-124. <LI CLASS=citi><A HREF="s1.htm#38">[S38]</A> ibid., pages 135-136. <LI CLASS=citi><A HREF="s1.htm#38">[S38]</A> ibid., page 137. <LI CLASS=citi><A HREF="s1.htm#38">[S38]</A> ibid., page 138. <LI CLASS=citi><A HREF="s1.htm#38">[S38]</A> ibid., pages 139-140. <LI CLASS=citi><A HREF="s1.htm#38">[S38]</A> ibid., page 141. </OL>   Notes:    Morby gives all names and titles in English, rather than the original German.